Global health officials are closely monitoring a new respiratory virus related to SARS that is believed to have killed at least one person in Saudi Arabia and left a Qatari citizen in critical condition in London.
The germ is a coronavirus, from a family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as SARS, the severe acute respiratory syndrome that killed about 800 people, mostly in Asia, in a 2003 epidemic.
In the latest case, British officials alerted the World Health Organization on Saturday of the new virus in a man who transferred from Qatar for treatment in London. He had recently traveled to Saudi Arabia and is now being treated in an intensive care unit after suffering kidney failure.
WHO said virus samples from the patient are almost identical to those from a 60-year-old Saudi national who died earlier this year. The agency isn't currently recommending travel restrictions and said the source of infection remains unknown. Still, the situation has raised concerns ahead of next month's annual Hajj pilgrimage, which brings millions of people to Saudi Arabia from around the world.
Health officials don't know yet whether the virus could spread as rapidly as SARS did or if it might kill as many people. SARS, which first jumped to humans from civet cats in China, hit more than 30 countries worldwide after spreading from Hong Kong.
"It's still (in the) very early days," said Gregory Hartl, a WHO spokesman. "At the moment, we have two sporadic cases and there are still a lot of holes to be filled in."
He added it was unclear how the virus spreads. Coronaviruses are typically spread in the air but Hartl said scientists were considering the possibility that the patients were infected directly by animals. He said there was no evidence yet of any human-to-human transmission.
"All possible avenues of infection are being explored right now," he said.
No other countries have so far reported any similar cases to WHO, he said, and so far there is no connection between the cases except for a history of travel in Saudi Arabia.
Hartl said the first patient may have had an underlying condition but it probably didn't make him more susceptible to catching the virus.
Other experts said it was unclear how dangerous the virus is.
"We don't know if this is going to turn into another SARS or if it will disappear into nothing," said Michael Osterholm, a flu expert at the University of Minnesota. He said it was crucial to determine the ratio of severe to mild cases.
Osterholm said it was worrying that at least one person with the disease had died. "You don't die from the common cold," he said. "This gives us reason to think it might be more like SARS." SARS killed about 10 percent of the people it infected.
Britain's Health Protection Agency and WHO said in statements that the 49-year-old Qatari became ill on Sept. 3, having previously traveled to Saudi Arabia. He was transferred from Qatar to Britain on Sept. 11 and is being treated in an intensive care unit at a London hospital for problems including kidney failure. Respiratory viruses aren't usually known to cause serious kidney problems.
In Qatar, Mohammed bin Hamid Al Thani of the Public Health Department said the patient was in Saudi Arabia for Ramadan during the summer and became ill after returning to Qatar. Doctors could not immediately identify the virus and decided he should be treated in London.
A public health official, Abdullakef al-Khal, said there is no indication that the patient's family or others were infected.
"There is no special alert for now," he said. "We are being vigilant."
David Heymann, chairman of the Health Protection Agency, said the new virus didn't appear that similar to SARS.
"It isn't as lethal as SARS and we don't know too much about its transmissibility yet," he said. "If people are getting infected, they aren't getting serious disease."
Heymann said none of the health workers involved in treating the Qatari patient had become ill.
Saudi officials said they were concerned that the upcoming Hajj pilgrimage next month could provide more opportunities for the virus to spread. They advised pilgrims to keep their hands clean and wear masks in crowded places.
Several disease outbreaks have occurred during The Hajj including the flu, meningitis and polio.
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